Can you explain the difference between a fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage?

@alec.carroll 

When answering the interview question about the difference between a fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage, you can use the following explanation:

"A fixed-rate mortgage is a type of home loan where the interest rate remains constant throughout the entire duration of the loan. This means that your monthly mortgage payments will also remain the same over the life of the loan. Fixed-rate mortgages provide stability and predictability, making it easier for borrowers to budget and plan their finances. Regardless of any changes in the broader financial market or interest rates, the interest rate and monthly payments on a fixed-rate mortgage will not change.

On the other hand, an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) is a home loan where the interest rate is variable and can change over time. Typically, an ARM has an initial fixed-rate period, often lasting anywhere from 3 to 10 years, during which the interest rate remains fixed. After the initial period, the interest rate adjusts periodically, usually once a year, based on a predetermined index such as the U.S. Treasury Bill rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). When the interest rate adjusts, the monthly mortgage payments can increase or decrease, depending on the direction of the rate change.

The key difference between fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages lies in the stability of the interest rate. With a fixed-rate mortgage, you have the certainty of knowing that your interest rate and monthly payments will stay the same over the entire loan term. This can be advantageous when interest rates are low or expected to rise in the future. On the other hand, an adjustable-rate mortgage can offer a lower initial interest rate during the fixed-rate period, which can be beneficial if you plan to sell the property or refinance before the adjustable period begins. However, it also comes with the risk of potential rate increases in the future, which could lead to higher monthly payments.

Ultimately, the choice between a fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage depends on your personal financial situation, risk tolerance, and your outlook on future interest rate movements. It's essential to carefully consider your long-term plans and consult with a mortgage professional to determine which option aligns best with your needs."